Question 1

Which colourant should I use in cold process soap and which in glycerine soap?

Accepted Answer

For cold process soap, powder pigments and oxides are recommended because they are heat stable. For glycerine bases and products with a water phase, liquid dyes are more convenient — they dose precisely and need no dispersion.

Question 2

What is a CO₂ extract and when should I use it?

Accepted Answer

A CO₂ extract is a plant concentrate obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction — at low temperatures and without organic solvents. Selective (CO₂-se) extracts behave much like essential oils, while total (CO₂-to) extracts also contain waxes, resins and fats. Thanks to the high concentration, a dosage of 0.1–1% is enough to enrich creams, butters or balms.

Question 3

How do I dose colourants and fragrances in cosmetics?

Accepted Answer

Add colourants in small increments, usually 0.1–2%, and fragrances at 1–3% depending on the desired intensity. With fragrances, follow the IFRA limits for the given product category and always run a colour and aroma stability test in the final product.

Question 4

Are the fragrances in this category suitable for candles too?

Accepted Answer

Yes, fragrance oils and aroma compounds are formulated with an emphasis on temperature stability and an even scent throw while burning. Test the fragrance load and wick size on your specific type of wax — both affect the result.

Question 5

What documentation comes with the raw materials?

Accepted Answer

Every product comes with an SDS (safety data sheet) and a certificate of analysis (COA); fragrances, essential oils and extracts additionally carry an IFRA statement and an allergen list. The documents make it easier to assess the safety of a formulation and label the finished product correctly.

DYES AND FRAGRANCES